Before discussing how to create a new form with constraints, let’s look at a couple musical forms and what some artists were able to achieve with them. For a man who only lived to age 35, Mozart wrote quite a few symphonies. 41 to be exact. That’s more than 4 times the amount of symphonies that Beethoven wrote, and Beethoven lived 20 years longer than Mozart. We won’t get into how Beethoven’s deafness may have affected his output, but suffice it to say that Mozart was very prolific compared to many other composers.

Think about what a symphony is. A symphony is a form consisting of four parts, known as movements, with each part having a form of its own with certain predefined properties. These parts are some of the constraints of the form. Because Mozart decided to work in symphony form, he didn’t need to worry much about whether the first movement would be faster than the second, or what key he’d use after the third movement’s exposition – that was all defined by the symphony’s form. This gave him the cognitive bandwidth to do the special things that only Mozart could do. Mozart mastered the symphony to a point where he was eventually able to smash parts of it and rebuild them to suit his genius, and he wouldn’t have been able to do this had a replicable form not existed in the first place.

Symphonies are big and complex, so let’s look at a more basic form like the blues. So simple in its structure – 12 bars and 3 chords played over and over until the end of the song – it’s so basic that it forces the artist to be creative in order to distinguish himself. Its simplicity also lets the artist focus on what blues really is. Blues is pain and angst, and it’s a great genre for players to showcase their virtuosity. Jimi Hendrix and Stevie Ray Vaughan are two obvious examples. Blues artists don’t need to work out details like which chord to play on the 5th bar, because those things are defined by the form. This allows them to focus on the message and how the song will be played. Again, it’s a cognitive bandwidth thing. The constraints of the form – and the trust that artists have in it – made way for unsurpassed creativity.

Before starting your next project, make it fit into a form. Design some contraints around it, and keep it simple, like the blues. The nature of the constraints can vary depending on how much room you want to give yourself to play within the form. Constraints are like hunches. When you start a new project, you should have several hunches about what you want it to be. Don’t fight them, as they are based on instinct. Capture them and make a form out of them. Once you’ve set the constraints, thereby creating your new form, every decision you make about the project going forward should fit support them.

Here’s an example of how I use constraints. I recently created a clock for the iPad. When I started the project, I didn’t know that I’d be making a clock at all. I set three broad constraints: 1) a screen-based project that must scale to any size, 2) something that would allow people to interact with it without necessarily knowing they are doing so, 3) something that rewarded users who approached the piece to actively interact with it. This gave me a form, plenty of food for thought, and an important sense of direction.

The form was broad enough that the end product could have manifested itself in many ways, but after chipping away at it, I ended up with a clock with hands that groove in reaction to the sound around it. It can be installed on a screen of any size, which meets the first constraint. It responds to any sound, so people making noise in its vicinity (at an airport, for instance) are using it even if they don’t realize it (constraint #2), and a user who approaches it is rewarded by the clock’s response to his own voice (constraint #3).

Great constraints can be open to interpretation or debate. The second constraint from my clock project – something that would allow people to interact with it without necessarily knowing they are doing so – gave me a lot to think about. It was a major reason why sound became so central to the project. The best thing about this constraint is that it can be met in ways I haven’t even thought about yet, so I can go back to this form later and end up with a completely different product.

Collaboration is more productive by designing the constraints of a project. Constraints will focus the group by establishing some fundamentals. When you ask your group, “What are we going to make?” the answer can be anything under the sun. It’s not very productive. It also gives the group too much responsibility to prepare for collaboration, because the group doesn’t know where or how to start. Forms focus the discussion. Good constraints can be discussed without much preparation.

Designing constraints and creating a form is a creative process in and of itself. Once are comfortable with the process, you will be very surprised how quickly you can do it. I have used this approach on countless projects as well as at the R&D lab at NBC. It serves as a great starting point for projects that intend to break new ground. It works for independent and group projects. You’ll have unique, reusable forms that you can master, and it will make your creative process much more productive. When you master your form, you’ll find great freedom to work within it, and you will find yourself working better.

Bjork at the New York Hall of Science, February 6, 2012

After completing this guide, you’ll be able to set a photo in a custom field that will be used as the photo that gets shared to Pinterest. I won’t lie, the workflow you create for yourself by doing this is a little awkward, but it gets the job done and it’s good for your users.

First, you need to enable WordPress custom fields. We’ll use this to add the URL of the image we want to share. If you don’t have them enabled already, go here to learn more about them. Once you have custom fields enabled, keep on reading.

Next, add a new post so that you can create your new field and register it with your site. Below the text-writing window of your new post, you should see the Custom Fields area. Click Enter new and name the new field share_image. (You can call it whatever you want, but for the purposes of this article we’ll use share_image). Here’s a picture of what you should see:

Now we need to open up our theme folder and find the correct files to work with. I’m using Twenty Ten so I need loop.php for the main blog page, and loop-single.php for a single post. Hopefully your theme files are well-named and it is easy for you to find out where you need to be. If you don’t know, find out before moving forward.

The code for the button comes straight from Pinterest. All we’re doing is replacing their static text with some PHP. At the top of your appropriate theme files, add Pinterest’s JavaScript (outisde of the PHP tags). It looks like this:

Now find the area of the post where you want your button to go. I wanted mine to go below the post date, so I looked for HTML markup like entry-title and entry-author to help me figure out where that was. Once you find that place, paste the following code:

That’s it for the code. If you’re interested in what all that does, keep reading this paragraph. If not, skip to the next one. With WordPress Custom Fields, you have access to that data in the form of a big associative array. I created a variable for that array and then just referenced the appropriate array elements for the image and description (which is the blog post title). The post URL is located in a different data object, so I used a different function for that. Additionally, since we only want to show the button when there’s an image, we’ll check to make sure the image array element is not null.

To put your new Pinterest button to use, just start a new blog post and add the URL for your image as a share_image custom field. If your image doesn’t have a URL yet, because you just uploaded it for this post, then publish your post, get the URL for image (by right clicking the image, opening it in a new tab, or your favorite method for getting image URLs) and edit the post to add it. That’s what I do, and it’s working great. Enjoy!

If this post helped you at all, please consider sharing my new iPad app. Thanks!

The Groove Clock is easy to use, because there’s not much to it. Just turn it on and leave it there. You can quickly change the background color if you prefer something lighter, and the clock face will adjust itself for perfect contrast. It’s Apple TV-enabled, and  of course it’s free of ads.

We’ll be adding some nice surprises in the near future without sacrificing the essence of the Groove Clock. Expect a selection of clock faces and iPhone support. It’s available now in the app store. We appreciate your interest and hope you enjoy your Groove Clock!

The rest of the photos are here and here.